Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: закон за човешките права
- CZ: zákony o lidských právech
- DE: internationale Menschenrechts-normen
- EE: inimõiguste õigus
- EN: human rights law
- ES: legislación de derechos humanos
- FI: ihmisoikeuslainsäädäntö
- FR: droit relatif aux droits de l’homme
- GA: na dlíthe i leith Chearta an Duine, reachtaíocht i leith Chearta an Duine
- HU: emberi jogok
- IT: diritto dei diritti umani
- LT: žmogaus teisių teisė
- LV: cilvēktiesības
- MT: Liġi (Il-) dwar id-drittijiet tal-bniedem
- NL: humanitair recht
- NO: menneskerettslovgivning (b) / menneskerettslovgjeving (n)
- PL: prawo praw człowieka
- RO: legislaţia privind drepturile omului
- SE: lagstiftning till skydd för mänskliga rättigheter
- SK: právo v oblasti ľudských práv
- SL: pravo o človekovih pravicah
The body of customary international law, human rights instruments and national law that recognises and protects human rights.
Refugee law and human rights law complement each other.
- BG: човешки права
- CZ: lidská práva
- DE: Menschenrechte
- EE: inimõigused
- EN: human rights
- ES: derechos humanos
- FI: ihmisoikeudet
- FR: droits de l’homme
- GA: cearta an duine
- HU: emberi jogok
- IT: diritti umani
- LT: žmogaus teisės
- LV: cilvēktiesības
- MT: Drittijiet (Id-) tal-bniedem
- NL: mensenrechten
- NO: menneskerettigheter (b) / menneskerettar (n)
- PL: prawa człowieka
- RO: drepturile omului
- SE: mänskliga rättigheter
- SK: ľudské práva
- SL: človekove pravice
Agreed international standards that recognise and protect the dignity and integrity of every individual, without any distinction.
2. In the EU the preferred term to use is fundamental rights.
- BG: право на семеен живот
- CZ: právo na rodinný život
- DE: Recht auf Familienleben
- EE: õigus pere(konna)elule
- EN: right to family life
- ES: derecho a la vida en familia
- FI: oikeus perhe-elämään
- FR: droit à la vie familiale
- GA: ceart chun saol teaghlaigh
- GR: δικαιωμα στην οικογενειακή ζωή
- HU: családi élethez való jog
- IT: diritto alla vita familiare
- LT: teisė į šeimos gyvenimą
- LV: tiesības uz ģimenes dzīvi
- MT: Dritt għal ħajja f’familja
- NL: recht op eerbiediging van familie- en gezinsleven (syn.: recht op familie- en gezinsleven)
- NO: rett til familieliv
- PL: prawo do życia rodzinnego
- PT: direito à unidade familiar
- RO: dreptul la viaţă de familie
- SE: rätt till familjeliv
- SK: právo na rodinný život
- SL: pravica do družinskega življenja
A right enshrined in Arts. 7, 9 and 33 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
There is a distinction between the right to family life and the right to family unity. The right to family life is a fundamental right enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family.
- BG: вътрешно разселено лице
- CZ: vnitřně přesídlená osoby
- DE: Binnenvertriebener
- EE: riigisiseselt ümberasustatud isikud
- EN: internally displaced person
- ES: población desplazada internamente
- FI: maan sisällä siirtymään joutunut henkilö / maan sisäinen pakolainen
- FR: personne déplacée à l’intérieure de son propre pays
- GA: duine easáitithe de thír
- GR: εσωτερικώς εκτοπισμένο άτομο
- HU: belső menekült
- IT: sfollato interno
- LT: šalies viduje perkeltas asmuo
- LV: iekšzemē pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata internament / f’pajjiżha stess
- NL: in eigen land ontheemd persoon
- NO: internt fordrevet person (b) / internt fordriven person (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona wewnętrznie
- PT: deslocado interno
- RO: persoană strămutată intern
- SE: internflykting
- SK: vnútorne vysídlená osoba
- SL: notranje razseljena oseba (NRO)
A person or groups of persons who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised State border.
For more information, see the website of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC).
- BG: Работна група на високо равнище „Убежище и миграция“
- CZ: pracovní skupina na vysoké úrovni pro azyl a migraci
- DE: Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und Einwanderung
- EE: kõrgetasemine varjupaiga ja rände töörühm
- EN: High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration
- ES: grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración y asilo
- FI: turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttoasioiden korkean tason työryhmä
- FR: Groupe de haut niveau «Asile et Migration»
- GA: Grúpa Oibre Ardleibhéil maidir le Tearmann agus Imirce
- GR: Ομάδα Εργασίας Υψηλού Επιπέδου για το ‘Ασυλο και την Μετανάστευση
- HU: Magas Szintű Menekültügyi és Migrációs Munkacsoport
- IT: Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di asilo e migrazione
- LT: Prieglobsčio ir migracijos aukšto lygio darbo grupė
- LV: Augsta līmeņa darba grupa migrācijas un patvēruma jautājumos
- MT: Grupp ta’ Ħidma ta’ Livell Għoli dwar l-Ażil u l-Migrazzjoni
- NL: Werkgroep op hoog niveau voor asiel en migratie
- NO: høynivågruppen for asyl og migrasjon (b) / høgnivågruppa for asyl og migrasjon (n)
- PL: Grupa Robocza Wysokiego Szczebla ds. Azylu i Migracji
- PT: grupo alto nível asilo e migração
- RO: Grupul de lucru la nivel înalt în domeniul migraţiei şi azilului
- SE: Högnivågruppen för asyl och migration
- SK: Pracovná skupina na vysokej úrovni pre azyl a migráciu
- SL: Delovna skupina visokih predstavnikov za azil in migracije
2. The HLWG's focus is on external relations with third countries, particularly within the context of the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility. Its objective is to strengthen the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies based on dialogue, cooperation and partnership with countries of origin and transit in the areas of legal migration, irregular migration, migration and development. The Group also prepares conclusions and recommendations on asylum and migration to be adopted by the Council. They carry out an assessment of the political, economic and human rights situation in countries of origin and provide a joint analysis of the causes and consequences of migration.
- BG: действие на преследване
- CZ: akt pronásledování
- DE: Verfolgungshandlung
- EE: tagakiusamisakt
- EN: act of persecution
- ES: actos de persecución
- FI: vainoksi katsottavat teot
- FR: actes de persécution
- GA: gníomh géarleanúna (iolra: gníomhartha géarleanúna)
- GR: πράξεις δίωξης
- HU: üldöz(tet)ésnek minősülő cselekmények
- IT: atti di persecuzione
- LT: persekiojimo veiksmas
- LV: vajāšanas darbība
- MT: Att ta’ persekuzzjoni
- NL: daden van vervolging
- NO: forfølgelseshandlinger (b) / forfølgingshandlingar (n)
- PL: prześladowanie
- PT: actos de perseguição
- RO: act de persecutie
- SE: förföljelse
- SK: čin prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania
- SL: dejanje preganjanja
In the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, acts which are
(a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Art. 15(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights; or
(b) an accumulation of various measures, including violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in (a).
a) acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence;
b) legal, administrative, police, and/or judicial measures which are in themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory manner;
c) prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory;
d) denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment;
e) prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Art. 12(2);
(f) acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature.
- BG: преследване
- CZ: pronásledování
- DE: Verfolgung
- EE: tagakiusamine
- EN: persecution
- ES: persecución
- FI: vaino
- FR: persécution
- GA: géarleanúint
- GR: δίωξη
- HU: üldöz(tet)és
- IT: persecuzione
- LT: persekiojimas
- LV: vajāšana
- MT: Persekuzzjoni
- NL: vervolging
- NO: forfølgelse (b) / forfølging (n)
- PL: prześladowanie
- PT: perseguição
- RO: persecuţie
- SE: förföljelse
- SK: prenasledovanie
- SL: preganjanje
Human rights abuses or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a systematic or repetitive element.
The core concept of persecution was deliberately not defined in the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, to suggesting that the drafters intended it to be interpreted in a sufficiently flexible manner so as to encompass ever-changing forms of persecution.
- BG: разселено лице
- CZ: vysídlená osoba
- DE: Vertriebener
- EE: ümberasustatud isik
- EN: displaced person
- ES: población desplazada
- FI: siirtymään joutunut henkilö
- FR: personne déplacée
- GA: duine easáitithe
- GR: εκτοπισμένο πρόσωπο
- HU: lakóhelyét elhagyni kényszerült személy
- IT: sfollato
- LT: perkeltasis asmuo
- LV: pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata // maqlugħa minn darha // li kellha tħalli darha
- NL: ontheemde
- NO: fordrevet person (b) / fordriven person (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona
- PT: deslocado
- RO: persoană strămutată
- SE: fördriven person
- SK: vysídlená osoba / vysídlenec (EU acquis) / odídenec (national law)
- SL: razseljena oseba
(i) a person who has fled areas of armed conflict or endemic violence;
(ii) a person at serious risk of, or who has been the victim of, systematic or generalised violations of their human rights.
- BG: ускорено производство за предоставяне на международна закрила
- CZ: zrychlené řízení o mezinárodní ochraně
- DE: beschleunigtes Verfahren für internationalen Schutz
- EE: kiirendatud rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus
- EN: accelerated international protection procedure
- ES: tramitación de urgencia
- FI: kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva nopeutettu menettely
- FR: procédure accélérée de traitement d’une demande de protection internationale
- GA: Nós Imeachta Luathaithe um Chosaint Idirnáisiúnta
- HU: gyorsított menedékkérelmi eljárás
- IT: procedura accelerata di protezione internazionale
- LT: paspartinta tarptautinės apsaugos (prieglobsčio) suteikimo procedūra
- LV: paātrināta starptautiskās aizsardzības piešķiršanas procedūra
- MT: Proċedura aċċellerata għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: versnelde asielprocedure
- NO: hurtigprosedyre for behandling av asylsøknader (b) / hurtigprosedyre for handsaming av asylsøknader (n)
- PL: procedura przyspieszona w sprawie o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej
- RO: procedura accelerata
- SE: påskyndat prövningsförfarande av ansökan om internationellt skydd
- SK: zrýchlený postup posudzovania žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu
- SL: pospešen postopek za pridobitev statusa mednarodne zaščite
An expedited procedure to examine an application for international protection which is either already deemed manifestly unfounded, which involves serious national security or public order concerns, or which is a subsequent application.
2. Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) recognises, in Recital 18 of the Preamble and in Art. 31(2) that it is in the interest of both EU Member States and applicants for international protection for decisions to be taken as soon as possible. This Directive does not provide for minimum or maximum time limits for taking a decision on applications for international protection nor does it define the term ‘accelerated procedure’. However, Art. 31(2) does make clear that the speed of the asylum procedure may not prejudice ‘an adequate and complete examination’ of the asylum claim.
3. Accelerated procedures must comply with the basic principles and guarantees laid down in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and may be conducted only in limited cases laid down in Art. 31(8) of the Directive.
- BG: социален пол
- CZ: gender
- DE: soziales Geschlecht
- EE: sugu
- EN: gender
- ES: género
- FI: sukupuoli
- FR: genre
- GA: inscne
- GR: γένος
- HU: (társadalmi) nem(i szerep)
- IT: genere
- LT: lytis
- LV: dzimums
- MT: Ġeneru / Ġens / Sess
- NL: gender
- NO: kjønn
- PL: gender, płeć społeczno-kulturowa
- PT: género
- RO: gen
- SE: genus
- SK: rod
- SL: spol
The socially constructed attributes, roles, activities, responsibilities and needs predominantly connected to being male or female in given societies or communities at a given time.
2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) use the following definition of 'gender identity': '"Each person's deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth, including the personal sense of the body - which may involve, if chosen, modification of bodily appearance or function by medical, surgical or other means - and other expressions of gender, including of dress, speech and mannerism (see ICJ, Yogyakarta Principles - Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, ('Yogyakarta Principles'), March 2007 )
- BG: изтезания
- CZ: mučení
- DE: Folter
- EE: piinamine
- EN: torture
- ES: tortura
- FI: kidutus
- FR: torture
- GA: céasadh
- HU: kínzás
- IT: tortura
- LT: kankinimas
- LV: spīdzināšana
- MT: Tortura
- NL: foltering
- NO: tortur
- PL: tortury
- RO: tortură
- SE: tortyr
- SK: mučenie
- SL: mučenje
In the context of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, deliberate inhuman treatment causing very serious and cruel suffering.
2.The right to freedom from torture is enshrined in many international treaties, most notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT). The acceptance that torture is forbidden under any circumstances, including war, public emergency or terrorist threat, indicates that universally it is considered as a fundamental principle of customary international law. This means that even States that have not ratified any of the international treaties explicitly prohibiting torture are banned from using it against anyone, anywhere, under any circumstances.
3. Regional conventions, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (Art. 3) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Art. 4), also recognise torture as a prohibited act.
4. Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol expressly prohibit the forced return of an asylum seeker to a country where they may be at risk of torture.
5. In the EU, Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Receptions Conditions Directive) explicitly considers the situation of vulnerable asylum seekers with special needs, including victims of torture. EU Member States are obliged to identify victims of torture within the asylum procedure and to assess whether they have special reception needs, including the need to access appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care.
- BG: верижна миграция
- CZ: řetězová migrace
- DE: Kettenmigration
- EE: ahelränne
- EN: chain migration
- ES: cadena migratoria
- FI: ketjumaahanmuutto
- FR: migration en chaîne
- GA: imirce shlabhrúil
- GR: αλυσίδα μετανάστευση
- HU: lánc-migráció
- IT: catena migratoria
- LV: ķēdes migrācija
- MT: Katina ta’ migrazzjoni
- NL: kettingmigratie
- NO: kjedemigrasjon
- PL: migracja łańcuchowa
- RO: migratie in lant
- SE: kedjemigration
- SK: reťazová migrácia
- SL: verižna migracija
The practice where those who have settled on a family reunification basis can themselves sponsor further family members, consistent with European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) obligations.
2. Chain migration may also be based on ethnic or family ties with members of the same family migrating at different times, usually with primary wage earners migrating first, followed by secondary or non-wage earners. In countries with more or less liberal regulations on the rights of migrants to family reunification usually in accordance with international conventions, family reunification as an incidence of chain migration explains much of the growth in the total migrant population.
- BG: спонсор
- CZ: osoba usilující o sloučení rodiny / nositel právna na sloučení rodiny
- DE: Zusammenführender / Sponsor
- EE: sponsor
- EN: sponsor
- ES: reagrupante
- FI: perheenkokoaja
- FR: regroupant
- GA: urraitheoir
- GR: συντηρών
- HU: családegyesítő (note: a sponsor only in context of family reunification)
- IT: sponsor
- LT: globėjas
- LV: galvotājs / garantētājs
- MT: Garanti / Sponsor
- NL: gezinshereniger (NL syn.: referent, hoofdpersoon)
- NO: referanseperson / sponsor
- PL: sponsor
- PT: requerente do reagrupamento familiar
- RO: sponsor
- SE: referensperson
- SK: garant
- SL: sponzor / pokrovitelj
In the EU context of family reunification, a third-country national residing lawfully in a Member State and applying, or whose family members apply, for family reunification to be joined with them.
According to this concept, everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and of their families, including food, clothing, housing and medical care, and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond their control (Art. 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
- BG: закрила
- CZ: ochrana
- DE: Schutz
- EE: kaitse
- EN: protection
- ES: protección
- FI: suojelu
- FR: protection
- GA: cosaint
- GR: προστασία
- HU: védelem
- IT: protezione
- LT: apsauga
- LV: aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni / Ħarsien
- NL: bescherming
- NO: beskyttelse (b) / vern (n)
- PL: ochrona
- PT: protecção
- RO: protecţie
- SE: skydd
- SK: ochrana
- SL: zaščita
A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and spirit of human rights, refugee and international humanitarian law.
Protection involves creating an environment conducive to respect for human beings, preventing and / or alleviating the immediate effects of a specific pattern of abuse, and restoring dignified conditions of life through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation.
- BG: репатриране
- CZ: repatriace
- DE: Repatriierung
- EE: tagasipöördumine (repatrieerumine)
- EN: repatriation
- ES: repatriación
- FI: paluu, palauttaminen
- FR: rapatriement
- GA: aisdúichiú
- GR: επαναπατρισμός
- HU: hazatelepítés
- IT: rimpatrio
- LT: repatriacija
- LV: repatriācija
- MT: Ripatrijazzjoni
- NL: repatriëring (NL syn.: naar het vaderland terugkeren / naar het vaderland terugbrengen)
- NO: repatriering
- PL: repatriacja
- PT: repatriamento
- RO: repatriere
- SE: återvandring
- SK: repatriácia
- SL: repatriacija
The personal right of a refugee or a prisoner of war to return to their country of nationality under specific conditions laid down in various international instruments and human rights instruments as well as in customary international law.
2. The option of repatriation is bestowed upon the individual personally and not upon the detaining power. In the law of international armed conflict, repatriation also entails the obligation of the detaining power to release eligible persons (soldiers and civilians) and the duty of the country of origin to receive its own nationals at the end of hostilities. Even if treaty law does not contain a general rule on this point, it is today readily accepted that the repatriation of prisoners of war and civil detainees has been consented to implicitly by the interested parties. Repatriation as a term also applies to diplomatic envoys and international officials in times of international crisis as well as expatriates and migrants.
3. Depending on the EU Member State, this term has different meanings / connotations: in PL, RO, NL, NO this refers specifically to repatriating their nationals back to PL, RO, NL, NO respectively. In ES, IE, IT, UK, it is often used in the context of returning third-country nationals to their country of origin. In EE, the term refers specifically to persons of Estonia or ethnic Estonians’ resettlement to Estonia. In LV, the term refers specifically to the persons of Latvian or Liiv origin to resettle with permanent residence in Latvia. In PT, the term has no legal concept, being used more as a sociological term. It is commonly used to refer to Portuguese citizens that return to Portugal, including being forced to return.
4. The term should not be confused with ‘voluntary repatriation’ which is according to the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology defined as follows: ‘Return to the country of origin on the basis of the freely expressed willingness of the refugees’. The returns have to take place in conditions of safety, dignity and security. The principle of ‘voluntariness’ must be viewed in relation to both: conditions in the country of origin (calling for an informed decision) and the situation in the country of asylum (permitting a free choice). For more information, see UNHCR: Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection – handbook, 1996.
- BG: реален риск от тежки посегателства
- CZ: reálné riziko vážné újmy
- DE: tatsächliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften Schaden zu erleiden
- EE: reaalne risk tõsise ohu tekkimiseks
- EN: real risk of suffering serious harm
- ES: riesgo real de sufrir daños graves
- FI: todellinen vaara joutua kärsimään vakavaa haittaa
- FR: risque réel de subir des atteintes graves
- GA: baol iarbhír díobháil thromchúiseach a fhulaingt
- GR: πραγματικός κίνδυνος σοβαρής βλάβης
- HU: súlyos sérelem elszenvedésének tényleges veszélye
- IT: rischio effettivo di subire un grave danno
- LT: realus pavojus patirti didelę žalą
- LV: reāls risks ciest smagu kaitējumu
- MT: Riskju reali / veru li ġġarrab dannu(-i) serju(-i)
- NL: reëel risico op het lijden van ernstige schade
- NO: reell fare for alvorlig skade (b) / reell fare for alvorleg skade (n)
- PL: rzeczywiste ryzyko doznania poważnej krzywdy
- RO: risc real de vătămare fizică gravă
- SE: verklig risk för att lida allvarlig skada
- SK: reálne riziko utrpenia vážneho bezprávia / reálne riziko vážneho bezprávia
- SL: utemeljeno tveganje resne škode
Risk of serious harm experienced by an applicant for international protection which is considered to be both real and likely to occur.
2. The European Court of Human Rights has ruled in a high number of different cases that there is a violation of Art. 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ‘if substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if deported, faces a real risk of being subjected to treatment contrary to Art. 3 ECHR’. In light of the Court’s consequent jurisprudence, this standard means that:
(a) there is no need for the risk to be very high (no certainty or significant probability requirement);
(b) at the same time the risk cannot be a mere possibility (a distant, vague or theoretical alternative).
Developed by EMN
- BG: расова дискриминация
- CZ: rasová diskriminace
- DE: rassistische Diskriminierung / Rassendiskriminierung
- EE: rassiline diskrimineerimine
- EN: racial discrimination
- ES: discriminación racial
- FI: rotusyrjintä
- FR: discrimination raciale
- GA: idirdhealú ciníoch
- GR: φυλετική διάκριση
- HU: faji diszkrimináció
- IT: discriminazione razziale
- LT: rasinė diskriminacija
- LV: rasu diskriminācija
- MT: Diskriminazzjoni razzjali
- NL: rassendiscriminatie
- NO: rasediskriminering
- PL: dyskryminacja rasowa
- PT: discriminação racial
- RO: discriminare rasială
- SE: rasdiskriminering
- SK: rasová diskriminácia
- SL: rasna diskriminacija
Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
2. Distinctions made on the basis of citizenship (that is, between citizens and non-citizens) are specifically excluded from the definition, as are affirmative action policies and other measures taken to redress imbalances and promote equality.
3. Some institutions such as the United Nations High Commissoner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) use the term 'discrimination' with the same definition.
- BG: процедурни гаранции
- CZ: procesní záruky
- DE: Verfahrensgarantien
- EE: menetlustagatised
- EN: procedural guarantees
- ES: garantías procedimentales
- FI: menettelylliset takeet
- FR: garanties procédurales
- GA: ráthaíochtaí nós imeachta
- HU: eljárási garanciák
- IT: garanzie procedurali
- LV: procesuālās garantijas
- MT: Garanziji proċedurali
- NL: procedurele waarborgen
- NO: saksbehandlingsgaranti (b) / sakshandsamingsgaranti (n)
- PL: gwarancje proceduralne
- SE: förfarandegarantier
- SK: procesné záruky / procedurálne záruky
- SL: postopkovna jamstva
In the EU asylum context , special guarantees addressing the legal rights of applicants for international protection as outlined in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights.
These guarantees comprise the following rights of applicants for international protection: access to the procedure for international protection; right to remain in the Member State pending the examination of the application for international protection; information on their rights and obligations in a language they understand; acess to interpreters; the opportunity to communicate with UNHCR or with any other organisation providing legal advice or other counselling; notice in reasonable time of the decision by the determining authority on their application; a personal interview, and free legal assistance and representation granted on request in the appeals procedures (including the preparation of the required procedural documents and participation in the hearing before a court or tribunal of first instance on behalf of the applicant.
- BG: non-refoulement/ забрана за експулсиране или връщане
- CZ: zákaz vyhoštění a navracení
- DE: Nichtzurückweisung / Non-refoulement / Schutz vor Zurückweisung / Verbot der Ausweisung und Zurückweisung
- EE: tagasisaatmise lubamatus / non-refoulement
- EN: non-refoulement
- ES: non-refoulement
- FI: palauttamiskielto
- FR: non-refoulement / interdiction de retour forcé (LU)
- GA: neamh-refoulement
- GR: μη- επαναπροώθηση
- HU: visszaküldés tilalma
- IT: non-refoulement
- LT: negrąžinimas
- LV: neizraidīšana
- MT: Prinċipju (il-) ta’ non-refoulement - li ma jsirx ritorn imġiegħel jew sfurzat
- NL: non-refoulement (syn.: het beginsel van niet-uitwijzing)
- NO: vern mot utsendelse (b) / vern mot utsending (n)
- PL: zasada non-refoulement/ zasada niewydalania
- PT: non-refoulement
- RO: non-refoulment/ nereturnare
- SE: non-refoulement (förbud mot avvisning / utvisning)
- SK: zásada zákazu vyhostenia alebo vrátenia / zásada non-refoulement / princíp nenavrátenia
- SL: načelo nevračanja
In the refugee context, a core principle of international refugee law that prohibits States from returning refugees in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
- BG: национален механизъм за насочване
- CZ: národní referenční mechanismus
- DE: nationaler Überweisungsmechanismus
- EE: nõustamisele suunamise riiklik mehhanism
- EN: national referral mechanism
- ES: Mecanismo nacional de derivación
- FI: kansallinen ohjautumisjärjestelmä
- FR: mécanisme national d’orientation
- GA: meicníocht náisiúnta atreorúcháin
- HU: nemzeti áldozatirányítási rendszer
- IT: meccanismo nazionale di riferimento
- LT: nacionalinis nukreipimo mechanizmas
- LV: nacionālais nosūtīšanas mehānisms
- MT: Mekkaniżmu nazzjonali għal riferiment / ta’ referenza
- NL: nationaal verwijsmechanisme
- NO: nasjonal henvisningsordning (b) / nasjonal tilvisingsordning (n)
- PL: krajowy mechanizm referencyjny
- RO: mecanism naţional de sesizare
- SE: dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra
- SK: národný referenčný mechanizmus
- SL: nacionalni mehanizem za opozarjanje
Mechanism aimed at identifying, protecting and assisting victims of trafficking in human beings, through referral, and involving relevant public authorities and civil society.
2. The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) defines an NRM as a cooperative framework at national level by which state actors coordinate their efforts in a strategic partnership with civil society to identify, protect and assist victims of trafficking in human beings to ensure that the human rights of trafficked persons are respected and to provide an effective way to refer victims of trafficking to services. For more OSCE: National referral mechanism: joining efforts to protect the rights of trafficked persons, 2004.
3. The National Rapporteurs or Equivalent Mechanisms (NREMs) are responsible for monitoring the implementation of anti-trafficking policy at the national level and play a key role in data collection on trafficking in human beings at national and EU level.
- BG: хуманитарен статут
- CZ: humanitární ochrana
- DE: humanitärer Schutz
- EE: humanitaarkaitse
- EN: humanitarian protection
- ES: protección humanitaria
- FI: humanitaarinen suojelu
- FR: protection humanitaire
- GA: cosaint dhaonnúil
- GR: προστασία για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
- HU: humanitárius védelem
- IT: protezione umanitaria
- LT: humanitarinė (papildoma) apsauga
- LV: humānā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni umanitarja
- NL: bescherming op humanitaire gronden
- NO: beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b) / vern på humanitært grunnlag (n)
- PL: ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym
- PT: protecção humanitária
- RO: protecţie umanitară
- SE: humanitärt skydd
- SK: humanitárna ochrana
- SL: humanitarna zaščita
A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except in some EU Member States.
2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the term ‘leave to remain’.
3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and residence of refugees under international law or on humanitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, humanitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environmental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which may be due to an international or internal armed conflict or a poor human rights situation.
4. In EE, LV, this term is not used.
5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’.
6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No 52 of 2007).
7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38).
- BG: Европейска конвенция за правата на човека
- CZ: Evropská úmluva o ochraně lidských práv
- DE: Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention
- EE: Euroopa inimõiguste ja põhivabaduste kaitse konvetsioon
- EN: European Convention on Human Rights
- ES: Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos
- FI: Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimus
- FR: Convention européenne des droits de l’homme
- GA: an Coinbhinsiún Eorpach um Chearta an Duine
- GR: Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου
- HU: Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye
- IT: Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo
- LT: Europos žmogaus teisių konvencija
- LV: Eiropas Cilvēktiesību konvencija
- MT: Konvenzjoni (Il-) Ewropea dwar id-Drittijiet tal‑Bniedem
- NL: Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens
- NO: Den europeiske menneskerettskonvensjonen
- PL: Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka / Konwencja o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności
- PT: Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos
- RO: Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului
- SE: Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna
- SK: Európsky dohovor o ochrane ľudských práv a základných slobôd
- SL: Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah
A regional human rights instrument giving effect to certain rights stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, offering individuals the possibility of applying to the courts for the enforcement of their rights.
More formally referred to as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
- BG: Европейска политика за съседство
- CZ: Evropská politika sousedství
- DE: Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik
- EE: Euroopa naabruspoliitika
- EN: European Neighbourhood Policy
- ES: Política Europea de Vecindad
- FI: Euroopan naapuruuspolitiikka
- FR: Politique européenne de voisinage
- GA: Beartas Comharsanachta na hEorpa
- HU: Európai Szomszédságpolitika
- IT: politica europea di vicinato
- LT: Europos kaimynystės politika
- LV: Eiropas kaimiņattiecību politika
- MT: Politika (Il-) Ewropea tal-Viċinat / tal-Madwar
- NL: Europees nabuurschapsbeleid
- NO: Den europeiske naboskapspolitikken
- PL: Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa
- RO: Politica europeană de vecinătate
- SE: EU:s grannskapspolitik
- SK: Európska susedská politika / Európska politika susedstva
- SL: Evropska sosedska politika
A bilateral policy between the European Union and 16 partner countries (the EU’s closest neighbouring countries), further enriched and complemented by three regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives.
2. The three regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives of the ENP are: the Eastern Partnership (EAP), launched in Prague in May 2009; the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED), formerly known as the Barcelona Process, re-launched in Paris in July 2008), and the Black Sea Synergy (launched in Kiev in February 2008).
3. The Lisbon Treaty has allowed the EU to strengthen the delivery of its foreign policy: cooperation with neighbouring countries can now be broadened to cover the full range of issues in an integrated and more effective manner. This was a key driver for initiating a review of the ENP in summer 2010.
4. For up-to-date information on the ENP, see the webpage of the EU External Action Service on the ENP.
- BG: Структурен диалог по въпросите на миграцията между ЕС и страните от Латинска Америка
- CZ: Strukturální dialog o migraci mezi EU a Latinskou Amerikou
- DE: Strukturierter Dialog über Migrationsfragen zwischen der EU und den Ländern Lateinamerikas und der Karibik
- EE: (EL ja Lõuna-Ameerika ning Kariibi) või EL ja LAC rände struktureeritud dialoog
- EN: EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
- ES: Diálogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migración
- FI: EU:n ja Latinalaisen Amerikan ja Karibian maiden välinen rakenteellinen vuoropuhelu muuttoliikkeestä
- FR: Dialogue structuré sur les migrations entre l’UE et les pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (ALC)
- GA: Idirphlé Struchtúrtha idir an AE agus tíortha Mheiriceá Laidinigh agus Mhuir Chairib (MLC) maidir leis an Imirce
- HU: EU-LAC strukturális migrációs párbeszéd
- IT: Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione
- LT: ES ir LAKR šalių struktūrinis dialogas migracijos klausimais
- LV: Eiropas Savienības, Latīņamerikas un Karību jūras reģiona valstu strukturēts dialogs par migrāciju
- MT: Djalogu Strutturat fuq il-Migrazzjoni - UE u ALK
- NL: EU-LAC gestructureerde dialoog over migratie
- NO: EU–LACs strukturerte dialog om migrasjon
- PL: EU-LAC Strukturalny dialog na rzecz migracji
- PT: diálogo estruturado sobre migrações EU-ALC
- RO: dialogul structurat cu privire la migraţie EU-LAC
- SE: EU-LAC strukturerad dialog om migration
- SK: Štruktúrovaný dialóg EÚ - Latinská Amerika a Karibik o migrácii
- SL: EU - LAC Strukturni dialog o migracijah
A forum for the identification of common challenges and areas for mutual cooperation, as well as building a stronger evidence base for EU-LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean) migration in order to better understand its realities, based on the principle of shared responsibility, strengthening the commitment and willingness of both sides to discuss migration issues.
1. In June 2009, the European Union and the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) formally launched the Structured and Comprehensive bi-regional Dialogue on Migration.
2. In the framework of the Dialogue, parties will exchange views in the following main areas: link between migration and development; regular migration and irregular migration; migration and the issue of human rights, including protection of migrants in accordance with international obligations; the fight against all forms of discrimination, racism and xenophobia; legislative and administrative measures applicable to migrants in an irregular situation; issues related to return on a dignified basis and voluntary return; measures to combat trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, and the prevention of document fraud.
3. For more information, see the website of the EU-LAC Dialogue.
- BG: алтернатива на задържане
- CZ: alternativa k zajištění
- DE: Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Inhaftnahme, Haftalternative; Alternative zur Schubhaft / gelinderes Mittel (AT)
- EE: kinnipidamise alternatiivid
- EN: alternative to detention
- ES: alternativas al internamiento
- FI: säilöönotolle vaihtoehtoiset turvaamistoimet
- FR: alternative à la détention / rétention
- GA: malairt ar choinneáil (iolra: malairtí ar choinneáil)
- GR: τα μη στερητικά της ελευθερίας εναλλακτικά
- HU: a fogvatartás alternatívái
- IT: disposizione alternativa al trattenimento
- LT: alternatyvi sulaikymui priemonė
- LV: alternatīva aizturēšanai
- MT: Alternattiva għad-detenzjoni
- NL: alternatief voor bewaring
- NO: alternativ til forvaring
- PL: alternatywa wobec zatrzymania
- RO: alternativa la masura detentiei
- SE: alternativ till förvar
- SK: alternatíva k zaisteniu / alternatíva zaistenia
- SL: alternativa k pridržanju / alternativa k omejitvi gibanja
Non-custodial measures used to monitor and / or limit the movement of third-country nationals in advance of forced return or deciding on the individual’s right to remain in the Member State, such as regular reporting, the surrender of a financial guarantee or travel documents, electronic monitoring.
2. Reception facilities can be considered an alternative to detention only in cases where the individual concerned has to report regularly to the competent authorities, or if there are residency requirements.
3. For further information see EMN: Use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014.
- BG: Среща Азия-Европа
- CZ: Asijsko-evropské setkání
- DE: Asien-Europa-Treffen
- EE: Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine
- EN: Asia-Europe Meeting
- ES: Conferencia Asia-Europa
- FI: Aasian ja Euroopan yhteistyöfoorumi
- FR: Réunion Asie-Europe
- GA: Cruinniú den Áis agus den Eoraip
- GR: Διάσκεψη Ασίας – Ευρώπης
- HU: Ázsia-Európa Találkozó
- IT: Meeting Asia-Europa
- LT: Azijos ir Europos susitikimas
- LV: Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksme
- MT: Inkontru (L-) Asja-Ewropa (IAsE)
- NL: Asia-Europe Meeting
- NO: Asia-Europe Meeting
- PL: Asia-Europe Meeting
- PT: Cimeira Ásia-Europa
- RO: Reuniunea Asia Europa
- SE: Asia-Europe Meeting
- SK: Fórum Ázia - Európa
- SL: Azijsko - Evropski sestanek
2. In the political field, areas of common interest include the fight against terrorism or the management of migration flows; discussions on human rights, on the protection of children, and on the impact of globalisation.
3. For more information, see: http://www.aseminfoboard.org/.